That no one rebuilt old OkCupid updates me a lot about how much the startup world actually makes the world better

The prevailing ideology of San Francisco, Silicon Valley, and the broader tech world, is that startups are an engine (maybe even the engine) that drives progress towards a future that’s better than the past, by creating new products that add value to people’s lives.

I now think this is true in a limited way. Software is eating the world, and lots of bureaucracy is being replaced by automation which is generally cheaper, faster, and a better UX. But I now think that this narrative is largely propaganda.

It’s been 8 years since Match bought and ruined OkCupid and no one, in the whole tech ecosystem, stepped up to make a dating app even as good as old OkC is a huge black mark against the whole SV ideology of technology changing the world for the better.

Finding a partner is such a huge, real, pain point for millions of people. The existing solutions are so bad and extractive. A good solution has already been demonstrated. And yet not a single competent founder wanted to solve that problem for planet earth, instead of doing something else, that (arguably) would have been more profitable. At minimum, someone could have forgone venture funding and built this as a cashflow business.

It’s true that this is a market that depends on economies of scale, because the quality of your product is proportional to the size of your matching pool. But I don’t buy that this is insurmountable. Just like with any startup, you start by serving a niche market really well, and then expand outward from there. (The first niche I would try for is by building an amazing match-making experience for female grad students at a particular top university. If you create a great experience for the women, the men will come, and I’d rather build an initial product for relatively smart customers. But there are dozens of niches one could try for.)

But it seems like no one tried to recreate OkC, much less creating something better, until the manifold team built manifold.love (currently in maintenance mode)? Not that no one succeeded. To my knowledge, no else one even tried. Possibly Luna counts, but I’ve heard through the grapevine that they spent substantial effort running giant parties, compared to actually developing and launching their product—from which I infer that they were not very serious. I’ve been looking for good dating apps. I think if a serious founder was trying seriously, I would have heard about it.

Thousands of funders a year, and no one?!

That’s such a massive failure, for almost a decade, that it suggests to me that the SV ideology of building things that make people’s lives better is broadly propaganda. The best founders might be relentlessly resourceful, but a tiny fraction of them seem to be motivated by creating value for the world, or this low hanging fruit wouldn’t have been left hanging for so long.

This is of course in addition to the long list of big tech companies who exploit their network-effect monopoly power to extract value from their users (often creating negative societal externalities in the process), more than creating value for them. But it’s a weaker update that there are some tech companies that do ethically dubious stuff, compared to the stronger update that there was no startup that took on this obvious, underserved, human problem.

My guess is that the tech world is a silo of competence (because competence is financially rewarded), but operates from an ideology with major distortions / blindspots, that are disconnected from commonsense reasoning about what’s Good. eg following profit incentives, and excitement about doing big things (independent from whether those good things have humane or inhumane impacts) off a cliff.

Small cashflow software businesses might be over soon?

[Epistemic status: half-baked musing that I’m writing down to clarify for myself]

For the past 15 years there’s been an economic niche, where a single programer develops a useful tool, utility, or application, and sells it over the internet to a few thousand people for a small amount of money each, and make a decent (sometimes passive or mostly-passive) living on that one-person business.

In practice, these small consumer software businesses are on the far end of a continuum that includes venture-backed startups, and they can sometimes be the seed of an exponentially scaling operation. But you only need to reach product-market fit with a few thousand users for a business like this to sustainable. And at the point, it might be mostly on autopilot, and the entrepreneur has income, but can shift most of their attention to other projects, after only two or three years.

Intend (formally complice), is an example of this kind of business from someone in my circles.

I wonder if these businesses will be over soon, because of AI.

Not just that AI will be able to do the software engineering, but that AI swarms will be able to automate the whole entrepreneurial process from generating (good) ideas, developing early versions, shipping them, getting user-feedback, and iterating.

The discourse already imagines a “one person-unicorn”, where a human CEO coordinates a company of AIs to provide a product or service. With half a step more automation, you might see meta-entrepreneurs overseeing dozens or hundreds of separate AI swarms, each ideating, prototyping, and developing a business. Some will fail (just like every business), but some will grow and succeed and (just like with every other business venture) you can invest more resources into the ones that are working.

Some questions:

  • How expensive will inference be, in running these AI entrepreneurs? Will the inference costs be high enough that you need venture funding to run an AI entrepreneur-systems?
    • Estimating this breaks down into roughly “how many tokens does it take to run a business (per day?)?” and “How much will an inference token cost in 2028?”
  • What are the moats and barriers to entry here? What kind of person would capture the gains to this kind of setup.
  • Will this eat the niche of human-ideated software businesses? Will there be no room left to launch businesses like this and have them succeed, because the space of niche software products will be saturated? Or is the space of software ideas so dense, that there will still be room for differentiation, even if there are 1000x as many products of this type, of comparable quality, available?

. . .

In general, the leverage of code is going to drop over the next 5 years.

Currently, one well-placed engineer will write a line of code that might be used by millions of users. That because there’s 0-marginal cost to replicating software and so a line of code written once might as well be copied to a million computers. But it’s also representative of the relative expense of programming labor. Not many people can write (good) code and so their labor is expensive. It’s definitely not worth paying $100 an hour for an engineer to write some software when you can buy existing off the shelf software that does what you need (or almost what you need) for $50 a month.

But, as AI gets good enough that “writing code” becomes an increasingly inexpensive commodity, the cost-benefit of writing custom software is going to shift in the “benefit” direction. When writing new software is cheap, you might not want to pay the $50 a month, and there will be more flexibility to write exactly the right software for your particular usecase instead of a good-enough off the shelf-version (though I might be overestimating the pickiness of most of humanity with regards to their software). So more people and companies will write custom software more of the time, instead of buying existing software. As that happens the number of computers that run a given line of code will drop, in the process.